Migrating a website to a new host without downtime is a careful process that requires planning and attention to detail. The key is to have the new site up and running on the new host before you officially switch over your domain’s DNS. This ensures that visitors can always access a version of your site, even during the transition.
Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you through the process:
1. Backup Everything
This is the most crucial step. Before you do anything else, create a complete backup of your website files and database from your current host. Many hosting providers offer a one-click backup feature in their control panel (like cPanel), or you can use a plugin if you’re on a CMS like WordPress. Store this backup in a safe place, like on your computer or an external drive.
2. Set Up Your New Hosting Environment
Sign up for your new hosting account. Do not cancel your old one yet. On your new host, set up the database and transfer all of your website files from the backup you created. You can use an FTP client or your new host’s file manager for this. If you are using a CMS, you may need to install it first and then import your database.
3. Test the New Site
Once your files are on the new host, you need to test the site to make sure everything works correctly. Most hosting providers give you a temporary URL or IP address you can use to view your site on their servers before it goes live. Check all pages, forms, links, and functionalities to ensure nothing broke during the transfer.
4. Change Your DNS Records
This is the moment of truth. Go to your domain registrar’s control panel (this is the company where you bought your domain name, which might be your old host, or a separate company like GoDaddy or Namecheap). Change your domain’s nameservers to point to your new host’s nameservers. Your new hosting provider will give you these.
5. Wait for DNS Propagation
DNS propagation is the process of your domain’s new nameserver information being updated across the internet. This can take anywhere from a few minutes to 48 hours. During this time, some visitors will be directed to your old host, and some will be directed to your new one. This is why you must keep your old hosting account active and a copy of your site on both servers to ensure there is no downtime.
6. Finalize the Migration
Once you’ve confirmed that your site is loading correctly from the new host (you can use a DNS checker tool to verify propagation), you can cancel your old hosting account. Keep a final backup of your old site just in case you need it later.
